Adaptogene

Adaptogens are natural substances obtained from certain plants and fungi. The term “adaptogen” was first coined in the 1940s by the Russian scientist Dr Nikolai Lazarev. He defined adaptogens as substances that help the body to adapt to stress and promote balance (homeostasis) .

1. Rhodiola Rosea (rose root): This plant, which grows mainly in cold regions such as Siberia, has traditionally been used to potentially increase stamina and manage stress. The active ingredients, such as rosavins and salidrosides, have been investigated in various studies.
2. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): A traditional medicinal herb from Ayurvedic medicine, known for its potentially calming properties. It contains withanolides, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
3. Medicinal mushrooms (e.g. reishi, cordyceps): These mushrooms are rich in beta-glucans and triterpenes, which are being studied for their adaptogenic properties.

Many phytochemicals have been studied for decades, particularly for their potential ability to help the body cope with stress. Some of the most important scientific studies on adaptogens include the following aspects:

1. Stress reduction: one study investigated the effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and found that the root extract can significantly help reduce stress and anxiety. Another study showed that a combination of Rhodiola rosea and Eleuthero root extracts could potentially reduce stress and fatigue levels.
2. Cognitive function: Panax ginseng was also tested in a study and showed an improvement in cognitive performance, particularly in tasks requiring prolonged mental effort. Another study of Rhodiola Rosea found that the extract may improve cognitive performance in night workers, suggesting a potential role in supporting mental health.
3. Immunomodulation: Panax ginseng has also been shown to stimulate the immune system by increasing the activity of natural killer cells, which may play an important role in defence against infection. Similar immunomodulatory effects have also been observed with ashwagandha.
4. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects: Recent research suggests that adaptogens such as Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus and Withania somnifera may have neuroprotective properties. In studies, these substances have been shown to inhibit neuroinflammation, which plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases.

Mechanisms of action:
Adaptogens act on various physiological systems, in particular the central nervous system and the endocrine system. They modulate the body’s stress response by influencing the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). They also support the regulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are important for mood and general well-being.

Research and safety:
It is important that the use of adaptogens is supported by high quality studies. Current research is focussed on identifying the exact mechanisms of action and assessing the safety of long-term use. To date, most studies show that adaptogens are safe when used in moderation, but individual reactions are possible and the quality of preparations varies.